Cannabis Consumer Safety

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COA's
Contaminants
Experience
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Wrap Up

Cannabis Consumer Safety

Cannabis Consumer SafetyCannabis Consumer SafetyCannabis Consumer Safety
Home
COA's
Contaminants
Experience
Quality
Wrap Up
More
  • Home
  • COA's
  • Contaminants
  • Experience
  • Quality
  • Wrap Up
  • Home
  • COA's
  • Contaminants
  • Experience
  • Quality
  • Wrap Up
Return to Home PageReturn to Lesson 1: COA'sContinue to Lesson 3: Experience

What are Cannabis Contaminants and Why Should You Care?

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Pesticides

Heavy Metals

Pesticides

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Microbials

Heavy Metals

Pesticides

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Heavy Metals

Heavy Metals

Heavy Metals

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References/Suggested Further Reading

 1. Casacchia, C. (2024, July 2). Pesticide scandal shakes confidence in California cannabis market. MJBizDaily. https://mjbizdaily.com/pesticide-scandal-shakes-confidence-in-california-cannabis-market/

2. St. John, P., Greene, S., & Elebee, L. I. (2024, December 19). Search your stash: 538 cannabis pesticide tests show what’s In your weed. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-19/we-tested-cannabis-products-for-pesticides-how-dirty-is-your-weed  

3. Gwinn, K. D., Leung, M. C. K., Stephens, A. B., & Punja, Z. K. (2023). Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research. Frontiers in microbiology, 14, 1278189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189 

4. Gardener, H., Wallin, C., & Bowen, J. (2022). Heavy metal and phthalate contamination and labeling integrity in a large sample of US commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) products. The Science of the Total Environment, 851, 158110–158110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158110  

5. St. John, P. (2024, December 19). New tests find “hidden” pesticides in more California weed brands. regulators ignored warnings. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-19/california-weed-cleanup  

6. Stone, D. (2014). Cannabis, pesticides and conflicting laws: The dilemma for legalized States and implications for public health. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 69(3), 284–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.05.015 

 7. Thomas, R. (n.d.). White Paper: The importance of measuring heavy metal contaminants in Cannabis and Hemp. CDN Technology Networks. https://cdn.technologynetworks.com/ac/Resources/pdf/the-importance-of-measuring-heavy-metal-contaminants-in-cannabis-and-hemp-312957.pdf  

8. St. John, P. (2024, December 19). Cannabis conundrum: Legal doesn’t mean clean; illicit isn’t always dirty. Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-19/legal-and-illegal-cannabis-products-pose-hidden-health-risks  

9. McHardy, I., Romanelli, A., Harris, L. J., Opp, G., Gaudino, R., Torres, A., Polage, C. R., Tuscano, J. M., & Thompson, G. R., 3rd (2018). Infectious risks associated with medicinal Cannabis: Potential implications for immunocompromised patients?. The Journal of infection, 76(5), 500–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2018.01.010 

10. Stone, T., Henkle, J., & Prakash, V. (2019). Pulmonary mucormycosis associated with medical marijuana use. Respiratory medicine case reports, 26, 176–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2019.01.008 

11. Shapiro, B. B., MD, MPH, Hedrick, R., Vanle, B. C., Becker, C. A., Nguyen, C., Underhill, D. M., Morgan, M. A., Kopple, J. D., Danovitch, I., & IsHak, W. W. (2018). Cryptococcal meningitis in a daily cannabis smoker without evidence of immunodeficiency. BMJ case reports, 2018, bcr2017221435. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2017-221435 

12. Benedict, K., Thompson, G. R., & Jackson, B. R. (2020). Cannabis Use and Fungal Infections in a Commercially Insured Population, United States, 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(6), 1308-1310. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2606.191570. 

13. Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., & Jahan, S. A. (2017). Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects. The Science of the Total Environment, 575, 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009   

14. Sullivan, N., Elzinga, S., Raber, J. C., & Bursian, S. J. (2013). Determination of Pesticide Residues in Cannabis Smoke. Journal of Toxicology, 2013(2013), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/378168

15. Thomas;, R. (2019, October 24). Beyond potency: The importance of measuring elemental contaminants in cannabis and Hemp. Cannabis Science Tech. https://www.cannabissciencetech.com/view/beyond-potency-importance-measuring-elemental-contaminants-cannabis-and-hemp  

16. McGraw, K. E., Nigra, A. E., Klett, J., Sobel, M., Oelsner, E. C., Navas-Acien, A., Hu, X., & Sanchez, T. R. (2023). Blood and Urinary Metal Levels among Exclusive Marijuana Users in NHANES (2005–2018). Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(8), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12074 

17. Ngueta, G., & Ndjaboue, R. (2020). Lifetime marijuana use in relation to cadmium body burden of US adults: results from the national health and nutrition examination surveys, 2009–2016. Public Health (London), 187, 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.001 

18. Lenton, S., Potter, G., Fortin, D., Granville, A., Grigg, J., Sevigny, E., Wilkins, C., Decorte, T., & Barratt, M. (2024). Growing practices and the use of potentially harmful chemical additives from a web survey of mainly small-scale cannabis growers in 18 countries. The International Journal of Drug Policy, 104662-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104662 

19. Boyar, K. (2022). Cannabis Microbial Testing: Methodologies and Considerations. In Recent Advances in the Science of Cannabis (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 131–160). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429274893-6 

20. Thomas, R. (n.d.). White Paper: The importance of measuring heavy metal contaminants in Cannabis and Hemp. CDN Technology Networks. https://cdn.technologynetworks.com/ac/Resources/pdf/the-importance-of-measuring-heavy-metal-contaminants-in-cannabis-and-hemp-312957.pdf  

21. Craven, C. B., Wawryk, N., Jiang, P., Liu, Z., & Li, X.-F. (2019). Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis: Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China), 85, 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.028 

Lesson 2 Quiz

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Quiz 2
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